SAP Fiscal year
Accounting year is called a fiscal year in SAP. A fiscal year can have periods the same as the calendar year or not. As per the government regulations, fiscal year periods can be maintained. For example, as per India’s regulations the accounting year starts from April to March and as per the US regulations the accounting year starts from January to December.
SAP Fiscal Year Variant
Fiscal year assigned to company code through a fiscal year variant. In the fiscal year variant posting periods, period texts will be maintained. One fiscal year variant can be assigned to many company codes.
SAP standard provided fiscal year variants already in the system, New fiscal year variant can and should be created by copying the existing variant instead of creating new entries. For example, there are fiscal year variants V3 (April to March with 4 special periods) and K4 (Calendar year with 4 special periods).
Fiscal year variant configuration details are enclosed below.
- Periods
- Period texts
- Shortened fiscal year
SAP Fiscal Year Variant Periods
For a fiscal year variant periods are to be maintained in synchronization with the calendar. For example, the fiscal year variant V4 (April to March) with 4 special periods provided by SAP. The calendar year starts from January to December.
In the above screenshot, Month and Day indicates the period and days as per calendar. Period and Year shift are maintained in SAP as per the accounting year.
Note: In SAP, we can define periods up to 366. It is also possible that we can define 2 or more than 1 period for a month. SAP provided the fiscal year variant 24 as shown on the picture below.
Examples:
Month 4, Day 30, Period 1 and year shift 0. It means April period mapped in SAP as period 1
Month 1, Day 31, Period 10 and year shift 01. It means January period mapped in SAP as period 10.
In case of the calendar year, SAP system won’t allow to maintain periods because it is same as calendar. Period texts can be maintained.
Note: Year shift indicates if a fiscal year of the posting period is different to the calendar year.
Period Texts
Period texts are necessary to maintain texts against a period with a respective language.
Shortened SAP Fiscal Year
If the number of periods in a fiscal year is less than number of periods in the calendar year then it is called a shortened fiscal year. Fiscal year variant must be defined as a year dependent.
Fiscal year variant R1 is provided by SAP. While maintaining period’s fiscal year to be specified. Fiscal year variant ZZ is defined as a shortened fiscal year created with 9 periods as shown on the pictures below.
Fiscal year variant periods are maintained for 2010 as shown below.
After periods are maintained, a fiscal year variant is to be assign to a company code so that the SAP system will allow postings for this company code.
YEAR SHIFT
Year shift filed is used for non-calendar year fiscal year variants.
+1 indicates that a fiscal year is later than the calendar year.
-1 indicates that a fiscal year is before the calendar year.
Examples:
1) The financial year starts from April 2015 to March 2016 and we are in 2015. Months 1, 2 and 3 are in 2016 but the fiscal year is 2015, hence the year shift will be -1 so the number of periods for 2015 is 12.
| Month | Day | Period | Year shift |
| 1 | 31 | 10 | -1 |
| 2 | 29 | 11 | -1 |
| 3 | 31 | 12 | -1 |
| 4 | 30 | 1 | 0 |
| 5 | 31 | 2 | 0 |
| 6 | 30 | 3 | 0 |
| 7 | 31 | 4 | 0 |
| 8 | 31 | 5 | 0 |
| 9 | 30 | 6 | 0 |
| 10 | 31 | 7 | 0 |
| 11 | 30 | 8 | 0 |
| 12 | 31 | 9 | 0 |
2) The financial year starts from October 2014 to September 2015 and we are in 2015. Months 10, 11, 12 are in 2014 but the fiscal year is 2015, hence the year shift will be +1 so the number of periods for 2015 is 12.
| Month | Day | Period | Year shift |
| 1 | 31 | 4 | 0 |
| 2 | 29 | 5 | 0 |
| 3 | 31 | 6 | 0 |
| 4 | 30 | 7 | 0 |
| 5 | 31 | 8 | 0 |
| 6 | 30 | 9 | 0 |
| 7 | 31 | 10 | 0 |
| 8 | 31 | 11 | 0 |
| 9 | 30 | 12 | 0 |
| 10 | 31 | 1 | +1 |
| 11 | 30 | 2 | +1 |
| 12 | 31 | 3 | +1 |
Path: SPRO – SAP reference IMG – Financial Accounting (New) – Financial Accounting Global Settings (New) – Ledgers – Fiscal Year and Posting Periods – Maintain Fiscal Year Variant (Maintain Shortened Fisc. Year), Assign Company Code to a Fiscal Year Variant
Transaction codes: OB29 and OB37
Relevant tables: T009 (Fiscal Year Variants), T001 (Company codes)
Assignment of Fiscal Year Variant to Controlling Area
A fiscal year variant to be assign to controlling area in the transaction OKKP.
Assignment of Shortened Fiscal Year to Depreciation Areas
A shortened fiscal year is to be assigned to depreciation areas in the transaction OAYP.
Note: In asset accounting, the program ZRUMPF is to be executed to activate the shortened fiscal year as per the note 123026. (Table T093C-XRUMPF).
