SAP has many modules that provide end to end solutions for business enterprises. There are many sub-modules within each general SAP module. SAP is continuously working on new & innovative solutions & introducing the new modules for business implementations.

Below is the list of SAP Technical Modules (but not limited to)..

SAP ABAP module: Advanced Business Application Programming.
SAP Basis module (Basis Admin): For administration of SAP.
SAP BI module: Business Intelligence.
SAP BPC module: Business Planning and Consolidation.
SAP BODI module: Business Objects Data Integrator.
SAP EP module: Enterprise Portal.
SAP GRC module: Group Risk Compliance.
SAP MDM module: Master Data Management.
SAP Netweaver module: Netweaver provides technical foundation for SAP applications.
SAP Security module: Security ensures security of enterprise operations.
SAP Solution Manager module: Solution Manager facilitates technical support for distributed systems.
SAP XI module: SAP Exchange Infrastructure (SAP XI) enables you to implement cross-system processes on services.
SAP PI module: SAP Process Integration (SAP PI) is enterprise application integration (EAI)software.